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		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Verification</id>
		<title>Verification - Revision history</title>
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		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;action=history"/>
		<updated>2026-09-09T01:51:55Z</updated>
		<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=24951&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom: /* References */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=24951&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2025-08-26T23:07:24Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:07, 26 August 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l10&quot; &gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academics are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7 pp 13ff. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever predict the outcome of any natural [[Ecosystem]] even over quite short terms, geologically speaking. Somehow the idea persists that [[Program Compliance]] could include formal verification, which seems unrealistic in the extreme.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academics are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7 pp 13ff. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever predict the outcome of any natural [[Ecosystem]] even over quite short terms, geologically speaking. Somehow the idea persists that [[Program Compliance]] could include formal verification, which seems unrealistic in the extreme.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Identifier==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;aka Phone Home&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* 2025-08 [https://developer.android.com/identity/digital-credentials/phone-number-verification Verify phone numbers with digital credentials]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16284&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom: /* Context */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16284&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-12-02T02:10:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Context&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
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				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:10, 2 December 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot; &gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academics are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7 pp 13ff. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever predict the outcome of any natural [[Ecosystem]] even over quite short terms, geologically speaking. Somehow the idea persists that &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;code compliance &lt;/del&gt;could include formal verification, which seems unrealistic in the extreme.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academics are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7 pp 13ff. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever predict the outcome of any natural [[Ecosystem]] even over quite short terms, geologically speaking. Somehow the idea persists that &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[Program Compliance]] &lt;/ins&gt;could include formal verification, which seems unrealistic in the extreme.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16283&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom: /* Context */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16283&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-12-02T02:07:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Context&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:07, 2 December 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot; &gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academics are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7 pp 13ff. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever predict the outcome of any natural [[Ecosystem]] even over quite short terms, geologically speaking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academics are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7 pp 13ff. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever predict the outcome of any natural [[Ecosystem]] even over quite short terms, geologically speaking&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;. Somehow the idea persists that code compliance could include formal verification, which seems unrealistic in the extreme&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16282&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom at 02:05, 2 December 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16282&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-12-02T02:05:12Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:05, 2 December 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot; &gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academics are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever predict the outcome of any natural [[Ecosystem]] even over quite short terms, geologically speaking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academics are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pp 13ff&lt;/ins&gt;. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever predict the outcome of any natural [[Ecosystem]] even over quite short terms, geologically speaking.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16281&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom: /* Formal Verification of Software */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16281&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-12-02T02:04:19Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Formal Verification of Software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
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				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:04, 2 December 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot; &gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;academic s &lt;/del&gt;are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;model &lt;/del&gt;any &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;nature &lt;/del&gt;[[Ecosystem]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;academics &lt;/ins&gt;are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and made the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;predict the outcome of &lt;/ins&gt;any &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;natural &lt;/ins&gt;[[Ecosystem]] &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;even over quite short terms, geologically speaking&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16280&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom: /* Formal Verification of Software */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16280&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-12-02T02:02:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Formal Verification of Software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:02, 2 December 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot; &gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academic s are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Makes &lt;/del&gt;the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever model any nature [[Ecosystem]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academic s are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7. (2021-07)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and made &lt;/ins&gt;the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever model any nature [[Ecosystem]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key tc_wiki:diff:version:1.11a:oldid:16279:newid:16280 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16279&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom: /* Formal Verification of Software */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16279&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-12-02T02:01:18Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Formal Verification of Software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:01, 2 December 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot; &gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academic s are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/del&gt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7. (2021-07)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Yet academic s are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7. (2021-07)&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Makes the caim in 2021 that &amp;quot;successfully verifying code hinges on a critical factor: the ability to construct a mathematical model that proves the code is error-free and results in the desired outcome.&amp;quot; Which seems to imply that no code could ever model any nature [[Ecosystem]].&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key tc_wiki:diff:version:1.11a:oldid:16278:newid:16279 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16278&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom: /* Context */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16278&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-12-02T01:58:39Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Context&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:58, 2 December 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot; &gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Yet academic s are quite sure that no one should every run a program that produces any result that's part part of its original design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;Samual Greengard, &amp;quot;Formal Software Verification Measures up'' '''CACM 64''' no 7. (2021-07)&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key tc_wiki:diff:version:1.11a:oldid:16277:newid:16278 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16277&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom: /* Formal Verification of Software */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=16277&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-12-02T01:55:46Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Formal Verification of Software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 01:55, 2 December 2022&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot; &gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/16/how-can-we-control-intelligent-systems-no-one-fully-understands/ How can we control intelligent systems no one fully understands?] is an article from 2016-05-16 that makes the point the complex systems are never predictable.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=11813&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Tom: /* Formal Verification of Software */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://tcwiki.azurewebsites.net/index.php?title=Verification&amp;diff=11813&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2021-09-16T23:27:08Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Formal Verification of Software&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:27, 16 September 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot; &gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the context of [[Identity Management]] Formal [[Verification]] of software means the inspection of software to certain if it will produce the results in its specification.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the context of [[Identity Management]] Formal [[Verification]] of software means the inspection of software to certain if it will produce the results in its specification.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/7/253452-formal-software-verification-measures-up/fulltext?mobile=false Formal Software Verification Measures Up] article seems to claim that we will be able to prove that programs will deliver only correct results, &amp;quot;real soon now&amp;quot; in spite of the fact that for most systems humans are not capable of defining what a correct result might be. The book &amp;quot;The Alinement Problem&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brain Christian, ''The Alinement Problem'' ISBN 978-0393635829&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; explains in great detail why setting goals for computer systems is not even close to a solution.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;The disconnect between intention and results―between what mathematician Norbert Wiener described as “the purpose put into the machine” and “the purpose we really desire”―defines the essence of “the alignment problem.&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==References==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Tom</name></author>	</entry>

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