Difference between revisions of "Power of Passengers"

Revision as of 18:02, 28 January 2021

Full Title

Created as a Solution for TSA’s Power of Passengers Challenge

Abstract

This document is written as a series of use cases followed by description of the solution. That solution will be based on giving more control of passengers in addressing the requirements for speedy checkin, initially for just security issues, but eventually for all aspects of the travel. While this is written as though the process occurs at airports, where the greatest volume occurs, it is intended to be equally useful for all modes on transportation: air, ground and water and for both ends of the flow so that immigration can be facilitated with the same data set. This is especially germane for the COVID-19 requirements. For example, a business woman wants to take a day trip on the Black Ball Ferry from Port Angeles WA to Victoria BC. Getting back on the homeward leg would be as important as getting on the outbound leg.

Goals

To satisfy all three of these areas of interest:

1. Security Effectiveness – Improved security outcomes, improved false alarm rate, increased detection of prohibited items, improved identification of malifactors, better situational awareness of security performance and effectiveness.
2. More Efficient Options for Screening Passengers – More efficient use of screening personnel, decreased number of procedural steps, decreased cost per passenger screened, increased passenger screening speed, increased number of passengers screened, improved use of airport infrastructure (physical constraints).
3. Improved Passenger Experience – Decreased passenger queue wait times, improved passenger divestiture of items, increased predictability of experience, improved ease of experience, greater levels and options for autonomy and self-service.

Use Cases

• In all cases the health experience of the DHS personnel and other passengers is improved if COVID-19 eligibility is validated before the process even begins.
• Assumption, all conditions of travel are fixed at least 24 hours before departure so that check-in at home can be enabled.
• All these use cases depend on letting all participants have the same information so each can take the appropriate actions to their own benefit.
• In these cases "The System" refers to the entire transportation ecosystem which, as an aspirational goal, includes the roads to the terminal, the lines in the terminal, the current schedules and the traveler details.

Passenger Arrivals

• The key to all preparation is access to timely information. That applies to both the DHS components as well as the passenger. If they share what they each know early enough, the fastest path to fruition should be just some AI.

How can passengers provide and share information about their impending airport arrival to facilitate more efficient screening processes?

International Transfers

• The easiest way to automatically transfer to domestic flights the itinerary record of the incoming traveler could be created from internal immigration records.
• One way to do this is to allows incoming travelers to load the app to their phone on the plane coming into the country using the wifi services available in most airplanes today.
• This would require support from airlines, but would give then a selling point for those traveling to the US. This would also replace the immigration form and be accepted by the immigration agent, possibly in an expedited lane.

Visa Waiver Program

• DHS/ALL/PIA-089 DHS International Biometric Interoperability Initiative for the Visa Waiver Program DHS has determined that all countries in the VWP and those aspiring to join must allow DHS and State to compare the fingerprints of traveler.
• It is suggested that this program move away from fingerprints towards facial recognition which can be accommodated with a smart phone app. This would definitely be a longer term objective of this program.

Single International Outbound

• Additional goal, the passenger is not allowed through security until all conditions for the travel at both ends of the trip are met.
• And if we back up the verification to the traveler's home that means they wouldn't even need to come to the airport until they have an approved itinerary record from their phone.

Family of 5 Domestic Outbound

• Additional goal - all certificates can be checked with a single credential presentation bundle.

Presidential Actions

Solution

Validation of the phone app

• In the interest of better security only certified apps can be used for this program.
• This requirement began with health care apps to be sure that health credentials can be security on the user's smartphone so it is already well underway.
• For this purpose the user can be biometricaly authenticated at home, or at the airport. Both options are planned from day one.
• Registration of the primary user of the smartphone occurs when the app is first loaded. The registration ID is initially known only to the user, for example as a DID. That allows validation of other credentials as they are loaded into the smartphone.

Entry of Health Credentials

• Two types of health credential are to be accommodated:

1. COVID-19 test results which could be expanded to issues like ebola as public health issues demanded.
2. Immunization for typical yellow card diseases with particular attention to COVID-19 vaccination.

Entry of Real-ID

• All applications will be able to read data from ISO 18013 credentials with particular attention to North American driver's licenses.
• As ISO 18013-5 Mobile driver's licenses are deployed an attempt will be made with all states to get them to pass data directly to the app.
• It is planned to add other credentials like green cards especially when those become available as downloaded Verifiable Credentials.
• Parents and spouses will be able to enter identity Credentials for any immediate family member. (Parents and others could be included at a later time as required.)

Reporting

• At any time a traveler can get a report on their status with respect to then current TSA requirements.
• 24 hours before flight time the traveler can get a machine readable travel itinerary report for all travelers in the smartphone with a GUID. It will be available on all these sites:

1. In the smartphone itself which can be NFC transmitted to the agent at the check-point.
2. In the Cloud accessible by a QR code which the user can display on the smartphone screen.
3. In the TSA computers when they can accept an internet transmission from the user to the TSA.

• While the smartphone could verify all of the information meeting TSA and immigration specifications, the goal would be for the TSA to respond with an "OK" message for the itinerary in the future.
• The itinerary report from the traveler could include the round trip as it might impact the necessary COVID-19 reporting requirements, or the user could just report a single leg.

What's Working Now

1. Trustregistry.org is a static demo of the data that will be available for any registered app. This same site could also maintain a list of trusted sites.
2. Smartphone app for both Apple and Android that show the way for a user to create a registered app on their phone with a demonstration of one way to acquire and use credentials.

References

• TSA challenge description
• V-Safe from CDC is a smartphone-based tool that uses text messaging and web surveys to provide personalized health check-ins after you receive a COVID-19 vaccine.
• Could domestic flights soon require a coronavirus test? Here’s what officials say. The CDC said Tuesday that the agency is holding “ongoing conversations” about testing for domestic travel.
• COVID Action Platform The spread of COVID-19 demands global cooperation among governments, international organizations and the business community. This multistakeholder cooperation is at the centre of the World Economic Forum’s mission as the International Organization for Public-Private Cooperation.