Difference between revisions of "Global Network"

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In the 1960's, Licklider<ref>Joseph C. R. Licklider  https://history.computer.org/pioneers/pdfs/L/Licklider.pdf</ref> published two seminal articles: "Man Computer Symbiosis"<ref>J.C.R. Licklider, "Man-Computer Symbiosis," In IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, Vol HFE-1, March, 1960, Pp. 4-11. Also reprinted in In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider: 1915-1990, Report 61, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, California, August 7, 1990, pp. 1-19.</ref> in 1960 and "The Computer as a Communications Device"<ref>J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, "The Computer as a Communication  Device," In Science and Technology: For the Technical Men in Management, No 76, April, 1968, pp. 21-31. Also reprinted in In  
 
In the 1960's, Licklider<ref>Joseph C. R. Licklider  https://history.computer.org/pioneers/pdfs/L/Licklider.pdf</ref> published two seminal articles: "Man Computer Symbiosis"<ref>J.C.R. Licklider, "Man-Computer Symbiosis," In IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, Vol HFE-1, March, 1960, Pp. 4-11. Also reprinted in In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider: 1915-1990, Report 61, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, California, August 7, 1990, pp. 1-19.</ref> in 1960 and "The Computer as a Communications Device"<ref>J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, "The Computer as a Communication  Device," In Science and Technology: For the Technical Men in Management, No 76, April, 1968, pp. 21-31. Also reprinted in In  
 
Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider: 1915-1990, Report 61, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, California, (1990-08-07) pp. 21-41</ref> written with Robert Taylor in 1968. Looking for the intellectual roots of these papers and Licklider's vision, which was germinated in the weekly meetings that Norbert Wiener held in Cambridge<ref>Jay Hauben ''Norbert Wiener, J.C.R. Licklider and the Global Communications Network'' Columbia (1996-12-03) https://www.columbia.edu/~jrh29/licklider/lick-wiener.html</ref>. This page will look at some of the related work of the folk that originated the search for [[Global Network]]s.
 
Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider: 1915-1990, Report 61, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, California, (1990-08-07) pp. 21-41</ref> written with Robert Taylor in 1968. Looking for the intellectual roots of these papers and Licklider's vision, which was germinated in the weekly meetings that Norbert Wiener held in Cambridge<ref>Jay Hauben ''Norbert Wiener, J.C.R. Licklider and the Global Communications Network'' Columbia (1996-12-03) https://www.columbia.edu/~jrh29/licklider/lick-wiener.html</ref>. This page will look at some of the related work of the folk that originated the search for [[Global Network]]s.
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When Dr. J. C. R. Licklider became Director of the IPTO (Information Processing Techniques Office) office of ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) in October 1962, he had a vision of computing vastly grander than time-sharing. Yet knowing it would take all the resources and management he had at his disposal to implement the desired number of time-sharing projects, he decided to leave the issues of interconnecting the time-shared computers for the future. In April 1963, Licklider first described his over-arching vision of an “Intergalactic Network” in a memo to computer scientists.<ref>4.1 The Intergalactic Network: 1962-1964 https://historyofcomputercommunications.info/section/4.1/The-Intergalactic-Network-1962-1964/</ref>Licklider remembers:<blockquote>The term ‘Intergalactic Network’ was a kind of intentionally grandiloquent way to express the idea, because we didn’t really expect to get at that right away. It was all we could possibly do to make timesharing systems work.</blockquote>
  
 
The first communications networks sprung from the inventions of communications devices like the telegraph and telephone.  It was these network that lead the CCITT to create a plan for a [[Global Network]] based on the connection-oriented networks used for telephony. The use of packets and packet routing was a different approach that was also tried with radio in the ALOHA network, developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s, one of the first wireless packet-switching networks. It played a crucial role in the development of modern networking technologies, including Ethernet and Wi-Fi Local Area Networks (LAN)s.
 
The first communications networks sprung from the inventions of communications devices like the telegraph and telephone.  It was these network that lead the CCITT to create a plan for a [[Global Network]] based on the connection-oriented networks used for telephony. The use of packets and packet routing was a different approach that was also tried with radio in the ALOHA network, developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s, one of the first wireless packet-switching networks. It played a crucial role in the development of modern networking technologies, including Ethernet and Wi-Fi Local Area Networks (LAN)s.

Revision as of 22:07, 8 November 2024

Full Title or Meme

For recognition of Identifiers across the world two components must be in places: First a communication network, which has traditionally be by exchanging treaties and now is becoming based on Internet connections; Second a trust network, which was traditionally bi-lateral until international organizations, like the UN and ICAO were created.

Context

The first large scale computer network was constructed in the late 1950's in North America for the SAGE Analog Computer NORAD - North America Air Defense system. J.C.R. Licklider moved to MIT to help build that system.[1]

In the 1960's, Licklider[2] published two seminal articles: "Man Computer Symbiosis"[3] in 1960 and "The Computer as a Communications Device"[4] written with Robert Taylor in 1968. Looking for the intellectual roots of these papers and Licklider's vision, which was germinated in the weekly meetings that Norbert Wiener held in Cambridge[5]. This page will look at some of the related work of the folk that originated the search for Global Networks.

When Dr. J. C. R. Licklider became Director of the IPTO (Information Processing Techniques Office) office of ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) in October 1962, he had a vision of computing vastly grander than time-sharing. Yet knowing it would take all the resources and management he had at his disposal to implement the desired number of time-sharing projects, he decided to leave the issues of interconnecting the time-shared computers for the future. In April 1963, Licklider first described his over-arching vision of an “Intergalactic Network” in a memo to computer scientists.[6]Licklider remembers:
The term ‘Intergalactic Network’ was a kind of intentionally grandiloquent way to express the idea, because we didn’t really expect to get at that right away. It was all we could possibly do to make timesharing systems work.

The first communications networks sprung from the inventions of communications devices like the telegraph and telephone. It was these network that lead the CCITT to create a plan for a Global Network based on the connection-oriented networks used for telephony. The use of packets and packet routing was a different approach that was also tried with radio in the ALOHA network, developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s, one of the first wireless packet-switching networks. It played a crucial role in the development of modern networking technologies, including Ethernet and Wi-Fi Local Area Networks (LAN)s.

Problems

  • Trust among all the nations and peoples of the world is not working so well.

Solutions

  • Trust does not need to be global. Is is typically between a small number of individuals or countries. A trust network must be able to solve these real-world problems.

References

  1. ↑ ibiblio, Internet Pioneers =-J.C.R. Licklider https://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/licklider.html
  2. ↑ Joseph C. R. Licklider https://history.computer.org/pioneers/pdfs/L/Licklider.pdf
  3. ↑ J.C.R. Licklider, "Man-Computer Symbiosis," In IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, Vol HFE-1, March, 1960, Pp. 4-11. Also reprinted in In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider: 1915-1990, Report 61, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, California, August 7, 1990, pp. 1-19.
  4. ↑ J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor, "The Computer as a Communication Device," In Science and Technology: For the Technical Men in Management, No 76, April, 1968, pp. 21-31. Also reprinted in In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider: 1915-1990, Report 61, Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, California, (1990-08-07) pp. 21-41
  5. ↑ Jay Hauben Norbert Wiener, J.C.R. Licklider and the Global Communications Network Columbia (1996-12-03) https://www.columbia.edu/~jrh29/licklider/lick-wiener.html
  6. ↑ 4.1 The Intergalactic Network: 1962-1964 https://historyofcomputercommunications.info/section/4.1/The-Intergalactic-Network-1962-1964/
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