Difference between revisions of "InterPlanetary File System"

Revision as of 14:44, 14 November 2020

Full Title

The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is a protocol and peer-to-peer network for storing and sharing data in a distributed file system. IPFS uses content-addressing to uniquely identify each file in a Global Namespace connecting all computing devices.^[1]

Context

• IPFS was first deployed in 2015 and grew by word-of-mouth as a replacement to HTTP for static content.
• It allows users to host content as well as to search for it.
• If users do not wish to host content, they can access IPFS by a public gateway.

Swarm

Swarm addresses are addresses that the local daemon will listen on for connections from other IPFS peers. You should try to ensure that these addresses can be accessed from a separate computer and that there are no firewalls blocking the ports you specify. Typically port will be 4001.

API

The API address is the address that the daemon will serve the http API from. This API is used to control the daemon through the command line, or simply via Powershell. Ensure that this address is not accessible from outside of your machine or VPN, to prevent potentially malicious parties sending commands to your IPFS daemon. Typically port will be 5001.

Gateway

The Gateway address is the address that the daemon will serve the gateway interface from. The gateway may be used to view files through IPFS, and serve static web content. This port may or may not be accessible from outside of your machine; that's entirely optional. The gateway address if left blank will not start the gateway service. Typically port will be 8080.

Problems

Podcasts

Podcasts over IPFS is something lots of people are thinking about (Adam Curry and his new PodcastIndex is an example of a team considering it). It’s true that most IPFS gateways aren’t going to want to just be used as “free” bandwidth providers, although I’m not sure what they’re doing in general to combat that. I do know some don’t allow video streaming for example. They just block it.

The interesting use case would be pure browser-based IPFS instances running peer-to-peer and getting podcast data from each other (originally sourced from the normal non-IPFS url), and sharing the bandwidth and gaining performance similar to how BitTorrent works.

But here’s the thing: Because most people will NOT be using any IPFS players, the podcasters are forced to use a normal podcasting hosting service (libsyn, bluberry, etc), and once they do that their bandwidth problems all vanish. So there’s no incentive. And on the consumer end, the podcasting hosts are serving up data just fine as is today. So neither end of the equation currently has any incentive to jump to IPFS.

Have a look at https://d.tube

Installing

• go ipfs installation instructions
• go ipfs on Github from Google has installation and test advice using the command line interpreter (CLI) instructions.

For Windows using chocolatey.

> choco install go-ipfs
> ipfs init
> ipfs daemon

By default the client looks for a daemon at http://localhost:5001. This can be overridden by either setting the environment variable IpfsHttpUrl or initializing the client with an URL.

// js-ipfs likes this address
static readonly IpfsClient ipfs = new IpfsClient("http://127.0.0.1:5002");

Test to see if the daemon is running by typing this in your browser.

http://localhost:5001/ipfs/bafybeianwe4vy7sprht5sm3hshvxjeqhwcmvbzq73u55sdhqngmohkjgs4/#/

Using

IPFS can run in either online or offline mode. Online mode is when when you have IPFS running separately as a daemon process. If you do not have an IPFS daemon running, you are in offline mode. Some commands, like ipfs swarm peers, are only supported when online.

• The WebUI instructions at the place where CORS headers are addressed for enabling access between computers.

Solutions

Windows

The context of this wiki page is windows, but the typical context of go is GNU so some helpful translations are

• ~ tilde is the same as $HOME which in Powershell is $env:USERPROFILE
• ~/ipfs is the default directory for all things ispf include the config file
• the most significant part of the config that might want to be changed are here - note in particular "API": "/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/5001", which may need to be changed to 0.0.0.0 if you need to access ipfs from any devices other than localhost.

  "Addresses": {
    "Swarm": [
      "/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/4001",
      "/ip6/::/tcp/4001",
      "/ip4/0.0.0.0/udp/4001/quic",
      "/ip6/::/udp/4001/quic"
    ],
    "Announce": [],
    "NoAnnounce": [],
    "API": "/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/5001",
    "Gateway": "/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/8080"
  },
  "Mounts": {
    "IPFS": "/ipfs",
    "IPNS": "/ipns",
    "FuseAllowOther": false
  }

SideTree

• the Sidetree protocol uses IPFS to insure that Identifiers are unique.
• A nice view of the CLI interface to ipfs from infura.

Troubleshooting

Check out the installation guide in the IPFS Docs, or try these common fixes:

Is your IPFS daemon running? Try starting or restarting it from your terminal:

ANY SHELL
$ ipfs daemon
Initializing daemon...
API server listening on /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/5001
or if you are running on multiple computers
API server listening on /ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/5001

Is your IPFS API configured to allow cross-origin (CORS) requests? If not, run these commands and then start your daemon from the terminal:

 WINDOWS POWERSHELL ONLY
$a =  '[\"http://localhost:3000\", \"https://webui.ipfs.io\", \"http://127.0.0.1:5001\"]'
$a
[\"http://localhost:3000\", \"https://webui.ipfs.io\", \"http://127.0.0.1:5001\"]
ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Origin $a

$ ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Origin '["http://192.168.254.24:5001", "http://localhost:3000", "http://127.0.0.1:5001", "https://webui.ipfs.io"]'
$ ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Methods '["PUT", "POST"]'

Questions and Answers

• How long is this stored for? Is it temporary?

I don’t know the js implementation that much but by default the file is pinned on your node (so your node will provide it forever). If someone else fetch it they will either not reprovide it if they disabled this feature, else this will stay until they run a garbage collection ipfs repo gc or automaticaly with the ipfs daemon --enable-gc.

• What happens if I turn off my computer and then someone else tries to retrieve it?

Theoricaly if an other other people have the file they will send it, but that rare as much of the time you don’t publish one file but many and nodes will only download a few subset of that (eg. someone fetching your website might reprovide the index.html but not your subpages if he havn’t visited them). If you want your file to be reliabely accessible on the network you should think that if you don’t provides your files, no one will (what is good about ipfs is that if lots of peoples download your file they will reshare it, so your bandwith usage scales negatively (more users = more bandwith)).

• If its lifetime is temporary, how do I make it permanent?

You can either do it manualy using ipfs pin or through a cluster managing your pins using ipfs cluster even if you don’t want to use the cluster feature (syncing the pins of multiples server) I would still advise you to setup a cluster along with your server as this is simple and provides async pinning and more features than the raw go-ipfs (such as names, expirations date, …).

You could also pay a company to host them for you (somes are listed here https://docs.ipfs.io/concepts/persistence/#pinning-services), I’ve personaly tryed the free plan of pinata for a short while and I have nothing to say, it works likes you expect a pinning service to work, they pin your file and provides them, latency and bandwith is very average for what you can expect from any VPS you can setup (you might get better performance if you subscribe to the entreprise option (you will have your own VPS)).

• Explain pinning, so you can pin files, directory, and there child, …

Pinned objects are never removed from the repo and if they are not in the repo they are downloaded from the network, it’s the canonical way to ensure your files are always available on the ipfs network.

References

1. ↑ Klint Finley, The Inventors of the Internet Are Trying to Build a Truly Permanent Web (2016-06-20) Wired (magazine) https://www.wired.com/2016/06/inventors-internet-trying-build-truly-permanent-web/

Other Material

• IPFS Shipyard - Incubated projects by the IPFS Community.