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| − | {{Redirect|Ipsum|the car|Toyota Ipsum}}
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| − | {{Redirect-distinguish|Random text|Random text generator}}
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| − | [[Image:Lorem ipsum design.svg|thumb|300px|right|Using lorem ipsum to focus attention on graphic elements in a webpage design proposal]]
| + | In publishing and graphic design, '''lorem ipsum''' is a placeholder text commonly used to demonstrate the visual form of a document without relying on meaningful content (also called [[greeking]]). Replacing the actual content with placeholder text allows designers to design the form of the content before the content itself has been produced. |
| − | In [[publishing]] and [[graphic design]], '''lorem ipsum''' is a [[placeholder text]] commonly used to demonstrate the visual form of a document without relying on meaningful content (also called [[greeking]]). Replacing the actual content with placeholder text allows designers to design the form of the content before the content itself has been produced. | |
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| − | The lorem ipsum text is typically a scrambled section of ''[[De finibus bonorum et malorum]]'', a 1st-century BC Latin text by [[Cicero]], with words altered, added, and removed to make it nonsensical, improper [[Latin]]. | + | The lorem ipsum text is typically a scrambled section of ''De finibus bonorum et malorum'', a 1st-century BC Latin text by [[Cicero]], with words altered, added, and removed to make it nonsensical, improper [[Latin]]. |
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| | A variation of the ordinary lorem ipsum text has been used in [[typesetting]] since the 1960s or earlier, when it was popularized by advertisements for [[Letraset]] transfer sheets. It was introduced to the [[Information Age]] in the mid-1980s by [[Aldus|Aldus Corporation]], which employed it in graphics and word-processing templates for its desktop publishing program [[Adobe PageMaker|PageMaker]]. | | A variation of the ordinary lorem ipsum text has been used in [[typesetting]] since the 1960s or earlier, when it was popularized by advertisements for [[Letraset]] transfer sheets. It was introduced to the [[Information Age]] in the mid-1980s by [[Aldus|Aldus Corporation]], which employed it in graphics and word-processing templates for its desktop publishing program [[Adobe PageMaker|PageMaker]]. |
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| − | ==Discovery==
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| − | [[File:Original lorem ipsum from Rackham edition of Cicero's De finibus.png|thumb|Page break in Rackham (Loeb) edition of Cicero ''De Finibus'' showing origin of ''lorem ipsum'' from hyphenation of ''dolorem ipsum'']]
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| − | "Lorem ipsum" text is derived from sections 1.10.33 of Cicero's ''[[De finibus bonorum et malorum]]''<!-- lowercase for title-->.<ref name="Microsoft">{{cite web |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/114222/en-us |title=Description of the "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet" text that appears in Word Help |accessdate=2007-03-22 |publisher=Microsoft }}</ref>
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| − | It is not known exactly when the text obtained its current standard form; it may have been as late as the 1960s. Dr. Richard McClintock, a Latin scholar who was the publications director at [[Hampden–Sydney College]] in Virginia, discovered the source of the passage sometime before 1982 while searching for instances of the Latin word "''[[wikt:consectetur|consectetur]]''" ("that [he/she/it] pursue", [[subjunctive mood|subjunctive]]), rarely used in classical literature.<ref name="SDop">{{citation|last=Adams|first=Cecil|title=What does the filler text "lorem ipsum" mean?|date=February 2001|url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2290/|publisher=The Straight Dope}}</ref>{{efn|group=lower-alpha|The information was first published early in 1994 in a letter to the editor of [http://www.bamagazine.com/ Before & After magazine] in volume 4 issue 1 of the publication, contesting the editor's earlier claim that ''lorem ipsum'' had no meaning.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/jod/texts/fakelatin.html |title=Subject: Re: Pig Latin Dialects|last=Bray|first=Kurt|website=[[Georgetown University]]|date=1995-10-05}}</ref>}} The physical source of the ''lorem ipsum'' text may be the 1914 [[Loeb Classical Library]] Edition of the ''De Finibus'', where the Latin text, presented on the left-hand (even) pages, breaks off on page 34 with "''Neque porro quisquam est qui do-''" and continues on page 36 with "''lorem ipsum ...''", suggesting that the [[galley proof|galley type]] of that page was mixed up to make the dummy text seen today.<ref name=Cibois>{{cite web |title=Lorem ipsum: nouvel état de la question |first=Philippe |last=Cibois |url=https://idm.hypotheses.org/2354 |work=L'intelligence du monde |publisher=L'[[Institut français]] |date=2012-06-03 |accessdate=2017-04-07}}</ref>
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| − | ==Latin source==
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| − | The original version appears in the 1914 Loeb Classical Library Edition of the ''De Finibus,'' Book 1, sections 32–33<ref name="cicero_archive_org">{{cite book|last1=Cicero|first1=Marcus Tullius|last2=Rackham|first2=H.|title=De finibus bonorum et malorum|date=1914|publisher=Macmillan Co.|location=New York|page=36 (Book I ix 32)|url=https://archive.org/details/definibusbonoru02cicegoog|language=Latin with English translation}}</ref>. The relevant section of Cicero as printed in the source is reproduced below with the example text drawn from it highlighted and letters not found in the printed source in brackets:
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| − | {{quote |[32] ''Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui do'''lorem ipsum''', quia '''dolor sit amet consectetur adipisci[ng]''' v'''elit, sed''' quia non-numquam '''[do] eius mod'''i '''tempor'''a '''inci[di]dunt, ut labore et dolore magna'''m '''aliqua'''m quaerat voluptatem. '''Ut enim ad minim'''a '''veniam, quis nostru'''m '''exercitation'''em '''ullam co'''rporis suscipit''' labori'''o'''s'''am, '''nisi ut aliquid ex ea commod'''i '''consequat'''ur? '''Quis aute'''m vel eum '''iure reprehenderit,''' qui '''in''' ea '''voluptate velit esse''', quam nihil molestiae '''c'''onsequatur, vel '''illum''', qui '''dolore'''m '''eu'''m '''fugiat''', quo voluptas '''nulla pariatur'''?''<br />
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| − | [33] ''At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus, qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti, quos dolores et quas molestias '''exceptur'''i '''sint, obcaecat'''i '''cupiditat'''e '''non-pro'''v'''ident''', similique '''sunt in culpa''', '''qui officia deserunt mollit'''ia '''anim'''i, '''id est laborum''' et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio, cumque nihil impedit, quo minus id, quod maxime placeat, facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non-recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat…''}}
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| − | ==English translation==
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| − | This is H. Rackham's translation as printed in the Loeb Classical Library edition with highlighting added for the translation of the text found in the example of the lorem ipsum<ref name="cicero_archive_org" />:
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| − | {{quote|[32] But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing of a pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who '''loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but''' occasionally '''circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great''' pleasure. '''To take a trivial example, which of us ever''' undertakes '''laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who''' has any right to '''find fault''' with a man who '''chooses to enjoy a pleasure''' that has no annoying consequences, or '''one''' who '''avoids a pain '''that '''produces no''' resultant pleasure?
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| − | [33] On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so '''blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee''' the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal '''blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil''' and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammeled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse.}}
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| − | ==Variations==
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| − | [[File:Inadvertent greeking in The Straits Times (26 April 2014), Singapore - 20140428.jpg|thumb|A lorem ipsum placeholder text was inadvertently published in the Singapore newspaper ''{{w|The Straits Times}}'' on 26 April 2014]]
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| − | ''Lorem ipsum'' passages were popularized on Letraset dry-transfer sheets from the early 1970s, which were produced to be used by graphic designers for filler text.<ref name=Cibois/><ref name="SDop"/> Aldus Corporation created a version in the mid-1980s for their desktop publishing program [[Adobe PageMaker]].<ref name="SDop" />
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| − | A variety of software today can generate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loremipsumgen.com/ |title=Lorem Ipsum generator }}</ref> semi-random text which looks like jumbled Latin. Apple's [[Pages (iWork)|Pages]] and [[Apple Keynote|Keynote]] software employs such jumbled text as sample screenplay layout. Lorem ipsum is also featured on [[Joomla!]], [[Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides|Google Docs]], and [[WordPress]] web content managers. [[Microsoft Word]] has a lorem ipsum feature.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/212251/en-us |title=How to insert sample text into a document in Word |publisher=[[Microsoft|Microsoft Support]] |date=September 18, 2011 |accessdate=November 14, 2011 }}</ref> Several [[LaTeX]] packages produce Lorem-ipsum-style text.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ctan.org/pkg/lipsum |title=LaTeX lipsum package |accessdate=September 23, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ctan.org/pkg/blindtext |title=LaTeX blind text package |accessdate=September 23, 2017 }}</ref>
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | * [[Asemic writing]]
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| − | * [[Etaoin shrdlu]]
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| − | * [[Lenna]]
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| − | * [[Li Europan lingues]]
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| − | * [[List of Latin phrases]]
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| − | * [[Metasyntactic variable]]
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| − | * [[The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog]]
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| − | ==Notes==
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| − | {{notelist}}
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| − | == References ==
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| − | {{reflist|30em}}
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | {{Sister project links |b=no |q=no |v=no |n=no |species=no }}
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| − | * The original ''[[s:la:De finibus bonorum et malorum/Liber Primus|De finibus bonorum et malorum]]'' (Book 1) from Cicero, on Latin WikiSource
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| − | {{Standard test item}}
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| − | [[Category:Filler text]]
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| − | [[Category:Latin words and phrases]]
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| | [[Category:Nonsense]] | | [[Category:Nonsense]] |
