Dimensions in Physics
Contents
Full Title or Meme
Beyond the 3 space dimensions and 1 time dimension other dimensions have been proposed to deal with issues not addressed in these 4.
Context
How to Better Define Information in Physics[1]
- See wiki page on Complexity Theory
Types of Information
- Laplace - the clockwork universe is set in motion and runs deterministically by itself (Laplace's daemon)
- Gaussian - error bounds prevent us from make any exact measurement
- Boltzmann statistics of distinguishable (known) particles
- Planck & Bose - statistics of indistinguishable particles
- Pauli & Dirac - statistics of particles subject to exclusion principle
- Fisher - population statistics
- Shannon - information content
Entropy
The entropy of the universe is constantly increasing. The second law of thermodynamics states that the state of entropy of the entire universe, as an isolated system, will always increase over time. Energy always flows downhill, and this causes an increase of entropy. Entropy is the spreading out of energy, and energy tends to spread out as much as possible. It flows spontaneously from a hot (i.e. highly energetic) region to a cold (less energetic) region. As a result, energy becomes evenly distributed across the two regions, and the temperature of the two regions becomes equal. The same thing happens on a much larger scale. The Sun and every other star are radiating energy into the universe. However, they can’t do it forever. Eventually the stars will cool down, and heat will have spread out so much that there won’t be warmer objects and cooler objects. Everything will be the same very cold temperature. Once everything is at the same temperature, there’s no reason for anything to change what it’s doing. The universe will have run down completely, and the entropy of the universe will be as high as it is ever going to get.[2]
The change in entropy of an isolated system during an irreversible process is > 0; while for a reversible process, it is = 0.the change in entropy of an isolated system during an irreversible process is > 0; while for a reversible process, it is = 0.
The collapse of the wave function is generally considered to be irreversible. But there does not seem to be anyway to prove that this is true.
References
- ↑ Dick Mills, How to Better Define Information in Physics (2018-06-20) https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/how-to-better-define-information-in-physics/
- ↑ Ernest Z. Why is entropy of the universe increasing? https://socratic.org/questions/why-is-entropy-of-universe-increasing
Other Material
- See wiki page on Information in Physics
