Design Pattern

Introduction

Two important aspects of any ecosystem of Trusted Identities in Cyberspace are the community of users and the privacy of users. It is typical for Identifiers in cyberspace to be generated within a community of users (e.g. bob@community.org) that can be used to provide context for web sites that rely on these identities. The historical basis for the concept of a pattern language is work on community and privacy from visionaries in the architecture of our physical world. In order to enable a clear description of the patterns in the virtual architectures provided on the internet, a language to represent the abstract components of the identity ecosystem can provide the same clarity as it did in with physical components. This page discusses the historical basis and the components for the original pattern language.

Norbert Wiener had this to say about patterns.

One of the most interesting aspects of the world is that it can be considered to be made up of patterns. A pattern is essentially an arrangement. It is characterized by the order of the elements of which it is made, rather than by the intrinsic nature of these elements. Two patterns are identical if their relational structure can be put into a one-to-one correspondence, so that to each term of the one there corresponds a term of the other; and that to each relation of order between several tem1s of one, there corresponds a similar relation of order between the corresponding terms of the other... The pattern of a thing may be spread out in space, as for example, the pattern of a wallpaper; or it may be distributed in time, as the pattern of a musical composition. The pattern of a musical composition again suggests the pattern of a telephone conversation, or the pattern of dots and dashes of a telegram. These two types of pattern are given the special designation of messages, not because their pattern itself differs in any way from the pattern of a musical composition, but because it is used in a somewhat different manner: namely, to convey information from one point to another, and even from one remote point to another.

Historical Basis for the Pattern Language

Architects' attempt to accommodate both Community and Privacy

This section describes the work of architects Serge Chermayeff and Christopher Alexander in creating a new way of addressing the challenges of modern communities. While they were focused on the design of physical space, the pattern language that grew from this collaboration is general enough to allow the ID Ecosystem to create patterns that focus on combining the best of community and privacy in cyberspace. In the introduction Kenneth Rexroth calls this effort an "exercise in biotechnical engineering" and "an exercise in creation of constructive humanism." These are all goals that an ID ecosystem should aspire to achieve: engineering a constructive humanism for the action of establishing connections in cyberspace. Specifically this is a call to prepare the world to move beyond civilization to the next era, which will be as different from civilization as civilization was from the previous era. "Above all [of the changes wroth by technological advances] a precious ingredient of the past is in danger of rapid extinction: privacy, that marvelous compound of withdrawal, self-reliance, solitude, quiet, contemplation, and concentration. It is the contention [of the authors] that only through the restored opportunity for firsthand experience that privacy gives, can health and sanity be brought back to the world of the mass culture." They propose a new architecture to "provide special domains for all degrees of privacy and all degrees of community". It must be obvious to even the most casual observer of internet usage that the community part is growing very rapidly now, outstripping the concomitant growth of the privacy part. Any successful pattern language must be able to accommodate both parts in equal measure.

Understanding how any ecosystem can build sustainable societies requires a science like Ecological Anthropology to report on the methods that will nurture the inhabitants of that ecosystem. The goal of the pattern language for the ID Ecosystem is to enable the description of identity components that can be put together in such a way as allow communities of interest to form sustainable ecosystems. Some communities are forced to work together, such as the employees of any successful enterprise. Other communities are voluntary, such as the ID Ecosystem. Within each community the individual entities must agree that it is better to be a part of the community than it is to be excluded, otherwise the community cannot sustain itself. Richard Dawkins called the element of cultural transmission a "meme". Each pattern needs to have a meme in the form of an idea or way of constructing the identity component that the pattern describes. The success of each pattern will be judged solely on the number of times the pattern is used in implementing a successful component of the ID ecosystem.

Technology problems have grown in complexity to the point where a single designer will not have all of the resources necessary for a solution. To magnify the capacity of designers of identity components the ID Ecosystem needs to provide force multipliers that give the designer the help needed to create solutions which are compliant with the rest of the ecosystem. By partitioning the task into small components and providing patterns for each component we hope to enable designers with the force multipliers that will enable them to turn out solutions that meet both their business needs and Compliance with the ecosystem as it continues to develop. For this method to succeed it is necessary that designer first try to partition their business problem into byte sized chunks that are amenable to solution by a single human being. The most powerful capability that any designer or architect can bring to the problem is the ability to state the problem so clearly that the statement by itself can provide guidance to finding the solution. Where the designer finds problems that are not addressed by the existing patterns created in an ID Ecosystem, we can only hope that they have the foresight to forward them to us for inclusion in the next iteration of our directory of patterns.

What must the ID Ecosystem Provide? (Quoted directly from their book)

The designer's commitment must, however, be a reasoned one that seeks to formulate a more explicit direction for environmental design. The easy devices of pseudo artistry and the "ghastly good taste" of the market place, to use John Betjeman's phrase, have not, it has become evident, been good enough.

The designer's return to his own willful freedom is perhaps a desperate attempt to reassert the humanism that man sometimes seems in danger of losing while he is making gains in science and technology. But in practice, unfortunately, this approach appears to produce little more than decorative shapes that leave the new problems unsolved.

In conclusion

The authors end their book with this quote: "Civilized man must give high priority to the development of a unified field of environmental control in which art will once again be tempered by the purposeful discipline of science, and science be inspired by the insights of art. This amalgam could produce a comprehensive design that would not only accommodate Community and Privacy but would celebrate both in the Architecture of a new Humanism." The recent explosion of Social Media on the internet has given new meaning to the concept of community. It seems like a good time to try to swing the pendulum back bringing a better balance to the ecosystem with a similar burst of Innovation in enabling privacy of the sort envisioned by these authors.

Components of the Pattern Language

One distinction that was made abundantly clear by the authors was that the "joints" between public and private spaces, between the circulation patterns in one transportation mode and other, must be very carefully made and maintained. Specifically a person needs both public and private spaces. A person needs to know when then are moving between those spaces. And circulation within one transport mode must be distinct and complete in the sense that the person can function well regardless of the transport method chosen as well as move from mode to the other. Now the transport modes in the internet appear to be quite different from those in the physical world, but they have developed their own methods and "rules of the road." Specially we can use the following to "navigate" from one environment to the other: email, hyperlinked web documents, static documents like: pictures, PDFs or spread sheets and many others that are only now developing their own protocols like Social Media. As each new communication mode matures it develops its own peculiar codes of conduct, just as the American "wild west" developed codes of conduct. As the new environments stabilize, the code of conduct are codified into Ethics and regulations to protect the weaker members of society from the stronger. A nature tension between security and liberty continues to establish a "level playing field" were everyone can expect to thrive. So here we are in the ID ecosystem with the same tension between community and privacy as have been faced in the establishment of societies in the physical world. All we can hope is that the process converges quickly enough to enable both community and privacy without too many ugly compromises.

Barriers and Locks

In the physical world the joints between the public and various private part of any dwelling need a good architecture to assure that cross contamination by: strangers, noise, smells, dirt, modesty and other physical attributes was controlled. The conditions that apply in each realm must be maintained even as people move between the realms with relative ease. Locks between physical realms serve functions like airlocks on high altitude planes, or the familiar canal locks between channels with water held back at different heights. While the transition points between different realms in the internet may not appear to have much purpose at first, reflections on community and privacy reveal those transition to be critical to Civil Society. Something that is all too rare in the internet today.

Corporations and government networks learned the importance of network separation many years ago. Even now when deperimeterization of the corporate network with personal device seems to be the paradigm for enterprise computer, the separation of corporate networks to isolate high value assets is gaining adherents in all large enterprises as shown in this link.

The Elements of the Pattern Language

• Pattern Name and the status of the pattern
• Meme - The idea that is explicated by the Pattern.
• Context - How the pattern relates to other patterns to quickly orient the designer to space where a solution will live.
  • an illustration might be helpful, although a common illustration could be shared by multiple patterns
• Problem to be solved - should be easy for any reader to understand
• Solution
  • Description - best if an illustration of the solution is provided
  • Consequences
  • Implementation considerations
  • Examples

Accommodating the Human Feeling

Quoted from Chris Alexander "The Phenomenon of life" ISBN 0-9726529-1-4

Assume from the beginning ... that human feeling is mostly the same, mostly the same from person to person, mostly the same in every person. Of course there is that part of human feeling where we are all different. Each of us has our idiosyncrasies, our unique individual human character. That is the part people most often concentrate on when they are talking about feelings, and comparing feelings. But that idiosyncratic part is really only about ten percent of the feelings which we feel. Ninety percent of our feelings is stuff in which we are all the same and we feel the same things. So, from the very beginning, when we made the pattern language, we concentrated on that fact, and concentrated on that part of human experience and feeling where our feeling is all the same. That is what the pattern language is - a record of that stuff in us, which belongs to the ninety percent of our feeling, where our feelings are all the same.

How can we be accommodate human feeling? Well the first step is to understand the user perspective. What we are reaching for is empathy, or "feeling with the user". As defined by Stanford University’s “D” (Design) School, empathizing is “the work you do to understand people... It is your effort to understand the way they do things and why, their physical and emotional needs, how they think about the world, and what is meaningful to them.”

Simple Truths

Nietzsche teaches that it is the unpretentious truths that higher culture will value in the future over the mind-numbing and dazzling treatises of philosophers of the past. What will remain are the simple truths derived by scientific methods. In engineering terms this ideas is somewhat trivialized as "Keep it Simple Stupid" or KiSS. The more complex the design, the more difficult it will be for users to understand what is happening, or what it might mean to them. In general the overriding theme of any site needs to be clear and consistent and relate to something of importance to the user. Something that is clearly embodied in the Presentation.

The Ethics of Design

This is an old fashioned view of privacy encompassing just private spaces and private data. As with any new technology the internet has expanded the view of many existing concepts, and privacy is one of those. This book and this article consider only the traditional (130 year old) view of privacy, including the "right to be let alone" described in “The Right to Privacy” by Warren and Brandeis 1890. Other views of privacy such as "Right to be Forgotten" or "Identity Theft" seem to be meta questions that can only be addressed by regulations applied to entities which acquire information from the user. See the page on Privacy.

The big three on the social internet are Google, Facebook and Twitter. Since their products are provided at no cost, they are dependent on advertising for revenue, which has been enormously successful. To keep the users' Attention and maximize their income, these sites use design to keep the users' Attention on their site and not on the traditional design goals to give a user a pleasurable experience while they went about their business on the web. Tim Wu, a Columbia law professor and author of The Attention Merchants, a history of how companies through history have gathered and monetized Attention, from the earliest newspapers to today’s tech platform, has argued that “We crave some sense of closure, some sense of being done. Much of Social Media tries to prevent you from ever having that feeling. Our brains like to close things out. I think that a lot of design now is trying to turn all of us into obsessive-compulsives by making it so the loops are never closed.” Film and TV offer a compelling parallel. “How do you feel after going to see a really great movie, as opposed to channel surfing for three hours?” he says. “It’s a complete difference. One has a beginning, middle, and an end, versus you saw half of 10 shows and kind of got into something that didn’t develop all the way through.” The big three would like us all be be addicted to their site, as opposed to getting real work done. “Very few things are more important now to the future of humanity than design Ethics,” Wu says. “Design is the determinant, along with your will. But design creates the way you exercise choices.”